Feedback Control

Measuring Ion Strength Using Closed-Loop Electrochemical Ph Modulation

Provided is a method for monitoring a change of ion strength in a sample solution by a closed-loop device that provides continuous …

Young Shik Shin, Nadezda Fomina, Christopher Johnson, Armin Darvish, Christoph Lang

Electronic Control of the Ph of a Solution Close to an Electrode Surface

Device and methods for controlling pH or ionic gradient comprising a multisite array of feedback electrode sets comprising electrodes …

Christopher Johnson, Sam Kavusi, Nadezda Fomina, Habib Ahmad, Autumn Maruniak, Chrsitoph Lang, Ashwin Raghunathan, Young Shik Shin, Armin Darvish, Efthymios Papageorgiou